Former agent Egisto Ott was detained for two months earlier this year, accused of providing information to the Russian secret service.
Since his arrest, leaked prosecution information has indicated that informants close to the far-right Freedom Party (FPOe) are still operating in Vienna.
The FPOe -- which polls say will win a general election for the first time next month -- has dismissed all accusations.
Vienna prosecutors charged far-right former lawmaker Hans-Joerg Jenewein with getting Ott to find out and share confidential information.
The two men face up to three years in prison on the main charge of violating official secrecy, the prosecution added in a press release.
No trial date has yet been set.
Ott is accused of acting on behalf of Jenewein when he commissioned "an unknown official" in 2018 to obtain information on participants in a meeting of European secret services.
In addition, Jenewein is accused of passing on confidential documents in 2021 related to an FPOe corruption scandal.
Ott is also accused of passing on the names of intelligence service employees in 2019 to Jenewein, thereby "endangering national security".
Prosecutors said they were continuing to investigate Ott in an "extremely extensive" case.
Ott was detained in March after Britain said his name had come up in written messages between a suspected spy it had detained and an Austrian, Jan Marsalek.
Marsalek is the former chief operating officer of payments firm Wirecard, who fled Germany in 2020 -- reportedly to Russia -- over fraud allegations following the company's spectacular collapse.
Suspected of having helped Marsalek, Ott is accused of having spied on Russia critics.
Ott was suspended from his post in 2017 amid allegations of spying and briefly arrested in 2021 on these same accusations.
Contacted by AFP before his arrest in March, Ott denied all accusations of wrongdoing.
Austria has traditionally seen itself as a bridge between the East and West, but in recent years the Alpine country of nine million has been rocked by several cases centred on suspected spying for Moscow.
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